Tracheostomy Care

Introduction to Tracheostomy
• Definition and purpose
• Indications (e.g. airway obstruction, long-term ventilation)
• Temporary vs. permanent tracheostomies

Anatomy and Physiology
• Relevant respiratory anatomy
• How a tracheostomy affects breathing, speech, and swallowing

Types of Tracheostomy Tubes
• Cuffed vs. uncuffed
• Fenestrated vs. non-fenestrated
• Inner and outer cannulas
• Tube sizes and materials

Routine Care Procedures
• Daily cleaning and dressing changes
• Suctioning technique and frequency
• Humidification and oxygen delivery
• Equipment checks and maintenance

Emergency Tracheostomy Management
• Blocked or displaced tracheostomy
• Bleeding or infection
• Use of emergency equipment (resuscitation bag, spare tracheostomy tube)
• Role of the multidisciplinary team in emergency scenarios
Communication and Psychological Support
• Supporting speech and swallowing
• Communication aids and SLT involvement
• Psychological impact and patient dignity

Infection Prevention and Control
• Aseptic technique
• Use of PPE
• Hand hygiene

Legal and Ethical ConsiderationsTracheostomy Care
• Consent and capacity
• Documentation and record keeping
• Duty of care